Sex Differences in Cardiac Catheterization

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Abstract
Many studies indicate that women are less likely than men to undergo cardiac catheterization after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI).1-12 Sex-based variations in cardiac procedure use after myocardial infarction (MI) have been documented in several settings and, in most studies, have persisted after adjustment for patient clinical characteristics,2-8,10-12 insurance and access to care,1,3,6,7,10-12 and hospital, physician, and health system effects.1,6,10,12 Studies that found no sex differences in cardiac procedure use13-18 have primarily incorporated patients drawn from selected centers13-18 and nonacute settings.13,14,18 Sex-based differences in cardiac catheterization use and similar variations in the management of other clinical conditions have raised the concern that sexual discrimination on the part of physicians may be responsible.19

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