The Mycoplasma-derived lipopeptide MALP-2 is a potent mucosal adjuvant

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Abstract
The adjuvanticity of MALP-2, a 2-kDa synthetic lipopeptide with macrophage-stimulatory activity, was evaluated in BALB/c mice using β-galactosidase (β-gal) as model antigen. When co-administered with β-gal by either the intranasal (i.n.) or i.p. route, MALP-2 (0.5 μg) was capable of increasing β-gal-specific serum IgG titers by 675–3,560-fold (i.n.) and 64–128-fold (i.p.), respectively, as compared to immunization with β-gal alone. Using MALP-2, almost maximal IgG responses were already stimulated following the first immunization, and the IgG titers were similar to those observed using 10 μg of cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as adjuvant. The mucosal immune system was also effectively stimulated (ppin vitro re-stimulated cells showed that co-administration of MALP-2 triggered a dominant Th2-response pattern. A recruitment of B220+ and MAC-1+ cells with an up-regulated expression of MHC class I, CD80 (B7.1) and CD54 (ICAM-1) was observed in nasal associated lymphoid tissues from MALP-2 treated mice. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the synthetic lipopeptide MALP-2 represents a very promising adjuvant for the mucosal delivery of vaccine antigens.

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