Atrial natriuretic factor, cardiac volumes and filling pressures during exercise in congestive heart failure

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Abstract
To study the mechanism of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) release in heart failure, we measured plasma ANF concentrations, cardiac volumes and filling pressures at rest and during three graded exercise levels (El, E2, E3) in six male patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and compared them with 13 normal male subjects. At rest, ANF concentrations were sixfold higher in patients with CHF than in normal subjects (at rest: 53 ±12 vs 8±1 pmol.l−1; P < 0.02). End-systolic ventricular volumes were increased threefold in patients with CHF (P<0.02) despite normal mean central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP). A positive correlation was found between end-systolic ventricular volumes and plasma ANF (r = 0.93, P<0.001). During exercise, ANF rose by 120% over basal values both in patients with CHF and in normal subjects (P<0.01). Volumes higher than normal in patients with CHF increased further at E2 (P<0.05) in contrast to a decrease of systolic volumes recorded in normal subjects (P<0.05). Filling pressures rising abnormally inpatients with CHF correlated with plasma ANF during exercise (r = 0.53, P<0.02 for PAP; r = 0.51, P<0.05for PWP). In conclusion, our data suggest that ANF release in CHF is regulated at rest by cardiac volumes when filling pressures are still normal. During exercise, ANF release is not impaired in CHF with normal rest filling pressures and is regulated during exercise by left filling pressures.

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