Predator avoidance and antipredator mechanisms: distinct pathways to survival

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Abstract
Prey may respond evolutionarily to predator pressure either by removing themselves from the foraging microhabitat of the predators (predator avoidance mechanisms) or by reducing the probability of successful predation when they are within the perceptual field of the predators (antipredator mechanisms). These two categories of survival mechanisms are under different selective regimes and the evolution of one type of prey survival mechanism reduces selection on the other.