Genesis and diagnostic value of large-scale gravity-induced penecontemporaneous deformation horizons in Quaternary sediments of the Kleszczów Graben (central Poland)

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Abstract
Gravity-induced soft-sediment deformations are quite common throughout the Tertiary and Quaternary infilling of the Kleszczów Graben. Only a limited number of horizons, however, are characterized by the abundant occurrence of large-scale load casts, ball-and-pillow structures, convolute lamination and related structures. It appears that the structures started to develop at a metadepositional stage and that the process was favoured by unstable density gradients. The further development was rather complicated, but endogenic activity in the graben must have played a role, though mainly as a trigger mechanism.