Comparison of sludge and clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes

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Abstract
Aims:Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated in the same geographical area from sewage sludge and from patients presenting with listeriosis were compared. Methods and Results: All isolates were typed by serotyping, phage typing and SmaI/ApaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Among the sludge isolates (n=32), 22 subtypes could be distinguished by the combination of all typing methods. The human isolates (n=11) were distributed into 10 subtypes which clearly differed from those observed among sludge isolates, except for one cluster formed by two related human isolates which showed high similarity in PFGE patterns (SmaI: 92%; ApaI: 89·5%) with one sludge isolate. Conclusions: These results suggest the existence of an epidemiological link between sludge and human isolates, but they may also be reflecting the distribution of L. monocytogenes types within the environment. Significance and Impact of the Study: Sludge and human L. monocytogenes may be related but further epidemiological studies are necessary to elucidate this point.