Diagnoses of East African Miocene Hominoidea

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Abstract
Owing to an inevitable delay in the publication of our monograph on the Miocene Hominoidea of East Africa (which is now in the press), it seems desirable for purposes of reference to record here the diagnoses of genera and species which we have listed in the monograph. These diagnoses are as follows. 1 Anthropoid apes showing considerable variation in size, ranging from animals smaller than a chimpanzee to animals the size of a gorilla. In the upper premolars (particularly P 3 ) the labial cusp tends to project well beyond the lingual cusp. Upper molars all characterized by a pronounced development of the internal cingulum which (particularly in the larger species) tends to be elaborately crenated. In M 1 and M 2 the trigon is clearly demarcated, and the hypocone is well developed. A protoconule is developed (to a variable degree) on the crest connecting the protocone to the paracone. There is usually a trace of the external cingulum. The last upper molar shows retrogressive changes, particularly in the smaller species. Lower molars showing the Dryopithecus pattern and with a distinct external cingulum. M x markedly smaller than M 2 . M 3 elongated with a narrowing talonid. Upper central incisors spatulate and lacking the antero-posterior thickness of recent Ponginae. Incisor region of jaws narrow. Symphysis of mandible relatively massive, but lacking the "simian shelf". Canines strongly developed (at least in the male), the upper being marked anteriorly by a deep vertical furrow. Holotype .—Portion of right maxilla with the upper dentition (M14084) described by A. T. Hopwood (1933). Locality.

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