Studies on Distillation VIII: The Effect of Carryover on Plate Efficiency

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Abstract
General balance relations are introduced for plate columns with carryover of each phase in both directions. It is shown that these relations can be formally reduced to equivalent standard forms without carryover terms by suitably defining reduced flow rates and concentrations (enthalpies). Using the latter variables, it is then possible to define generalized reduced Murphree and Hausen vapor and liquid plate efficiencies which are mutually consistent and satisfy the basic relations. Both carryovers and these efficiencies can be found from complete concentration measurements, or, inversely, concentrations can be calculated from plate to plate, knowing the carryovers and plate efficiencies.