Effects of hypertonic solutions on calcium transients in frog twitch muscle fibres.

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Abstract
1. The effects of hypertonic solutions on excitation-contraction (e.-c.) coupling in frog skeletal muscle fibres were investigated using Arsenazo III to monitor intracellular calcium transients in voltage-clamped fibres. 2. In solutions made hypertonic with sucrose or sodium chloride, the size of the Arsenazo signal evoked by a 5 ms depolarization to 0 mV was little altered by increases in tonicity up to about twice normal, but declined in higher tonicities, and was almost completely suppressed at 4 times normal tonicity. 3. The latency to onset of the Arsenazo signal was increased in hypertonic solutions (2.3 and 3.1 times normal tonicity), but the decay time constant of the signal was little changed with tonicities up to 2.3 times normal. 4. The rheobase potential for a just-detectable Arsenazo signal was shifted about 4 mV more negative by increases in tonicity up to 2.3 times normal, but further increases reversed the direction of the shift, and in 3.95 times normal tonicity the rheobase was 10 mV more positive than in normal Ringer solution. 5. With short (less than 10 ms) pulse durations the depolarization needed to elicit a threshold Arsenazo signal increased steeply with increasing tonicity. Changes in the strength-duration curve could be accounted for by an increase in the time constant for build-up of a hypothetical coupler in the e.-c. coupling process. 6. Solutions of about twice normal tonicity are commonly used to suppress muscle contraction. Since the size of the Arsenazo signal was only slightly reduced by this tonicity, the main effect is presumably on the contractile proteins.