Effect of groundwater levels on stress history of the St. Clair clay till deposit

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Abstract
Over 100 ft (30.4 m) of relatively homogeneous and compressible lacustrine clay and clay till deposits cover a large portion of the St. Clair basin in Southwestern Ontario. The deposit is commonly considered to be normally consolidated at depth with an overconsolidated crust caused by desiccation and weathering.Based on data from recent laboratory one-dimensional consolidation tests and evidence of a lowered groundwater level in the past, it can be shown that the St. Clair clay till deposits are, in general, lightly overconsolidated at depth, with a heavily overconsolidated crust in the upper 40 ft (12.2 m) of the deposit.The evidence of a higher degree of overconsolidation can be used to explain the large discrepancies between predicted and observed settlements of structures founded on the St. Clair clay till.

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