Natural Infection of Sorghum by Foxtail Mosaic Virus in Kansas

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Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) was infected by a mechanically transmissible, flexuous, rod-shaped virus. Antiserum made against the purified virus reacted specifically in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to the virus and to the potexvirus foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV), indicating that the sorghum virus was an isolate of FoMV. Comparison of the sorghum isolate (H93) to FoMV PV 139 showed that H93 differed biologically by causing severe symptoms in sorghum, not readily infecting certain barley lines, and causing only faint symptoms in barley. At the molecular level, the capsid of H93 had a mass of 23.9 kDa and 217 amino acid residues compared with 23.7 kDa and 215 residues previously reported for the nucleic acid sequence of FoMV. The amino acid sequences of the two viruses were greater than 96% identical. They varied by having four substitutions, one deletion, and three insertions between residues 66 and 67. This is the first report of natural infection of sorghum by FoMV, thus extending its host range among cereal crops.