Seebeck effect in the mixed state of epitaxialYBa2Cu3O7

The temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient in the mixed state of a superconductor is closely related to the resistivity due to flux motion. This is a result of the counterflow of normal current and supercurrent in the presence of a temperature gradient, as discussed by Ginzburg. Measurements of the Seebeck coefficient performed with epitaxial c-axis-oriented ${\mathrm{YBa}}_2$ ${\mathrm{Cu}}_3$ ${\mathrm{O}}_7$ films show excellent agreement with the theory.