Micropropagation of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)

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Abstract
Shoot multiplication of hornbeam was stimulated onWPM, QL andDKW medium supplemented with a low concentration of BAP or BPA (0.1-0.2 mg I -1) andIBA (0.1 mg I -1). Low concentration of thidiazuron promoted axillary bud formation, higher concentration inhibited shoot elongation. Microshoots were rooted onWPM supplemented with a low auxin concentration (IBA or NAA 0.2-0.5 mg I -1). High rooting percentages were obtained. Shoot proliferation of ash was stimulated on MS andDKW medium supplemented withBAP orBPA (2.0-5.0 mg I -1) andIBA (0.1 mg I -1). Root formation was promoted onWPM containing a low auxin concentration. Rooted plantlets were transplanted into soil and after hardening off the micropropagated trees were planted in the field. The planted trees grew normally without showing signs of abnormality.