2,4-D and Salt Combinations Affect Glyphosate Phytotoxicity

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Abstract
Experiments conducted in the greenhouse indicated that 2,4-D antagonism of glyphosate toxicity to wheat was sodium salt = butoxyethyl ester ≥ diethanolamine. Isopropylamine salt of 2,4-D generally was not antagonistic to glyphosate phytotoxicity. Isopropylamine salt of 2,4-D did not influence the antagonism of glyphosate by inorganic salts in the spray carrier. Antagonism of glyphosate toxicity to wheat by 2,4-D increased when sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, and ferric sulfate were in the spray carrier water. Isopropylamine alone as an adjuvant enhanced glyphosate toxicity to wheat, and overcame ferric sulfate and sodium bicarbonate antagonism of glyphosate. Diammonium sulfate adjuvant overcame antagonism to glyphosate phytotoxicity from 2,4-D, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium chloride each alone or the salts in combination with 2,4-D. Nonionic surfactants differed in enhancement of glyphosate but none overcame antagonism from salts or 2,4-D.