Absolute X-Ray Scattering Factors of Silicon and Germanium

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Abstract
The absolute scattering factors of silicon and germanium were measured with x rays on perfect crystals. In both cases the results were consistent with a superposition of Hartree-Fock free-atom radial charge densities. This is to be contrasted with the metals aluminum, chromium, iron, and copper, which evidence marked expansion of the radial charge densities in the solid. The presence of the forbidden 222 reflection in silicon together with contributions to the low-angle reflections reveal that the angular part of the charge density points toward the four tetrahedrally disposed nearest neighbors.