Reinforced Concrete on Constitutive Relations

Abstract
A mathematical model of reinforced concrete is derived from stress/ strain relations of reinforcing steel and plain concrete, and from considering slip in bond between them. The stress/strain relations are nonlinear due to inelasticity of the concrete and steel and to cracking. They are presented in the form of a variable modulus model for use in a finite-element code. The stress/strain relations for plain concrete are based on experimental data obtained under uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial states of stress. Additional laboratory experiments were performed under this contract to investigate the bond-slip relation in tension and in compression. Unitil cracking occurs, properties of the model depend on the entire stiffness of steel and concrete. After cracking, a composite modulus is used which reflects the combined stiffness of steel and concrete and takes into account the extent to which bond between steel and concrete is broken. This model is incorporated in a dynamic inelastic finite-element code and is used to analyze reinforced concrete members such as beams subjected to static and dynamic loading.

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