Graphical Representation of Cancer Incidence Data: Chernoff Faces

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Abstract
Rahu M (Estonian Cancer Registry, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 42 Hiiu Str, Tallinn 200107, Estonia, USSR). Graphical representation of cancer incidence data: Chernoff faces. International Journal of Epidemiology 1989; 18: 763–767. The method introduced by Herman Chernoff in 1971 uses a computer to convert multivariate data to a cartoon face, the features of which are controlled by the variable values. This paper describes the application of a Chernoff-type face in cancer statistics. The technique is demonstrated with a subset of the data derived mainly from Vol.V of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. A program in BASIC is used to draw on a dot matrix printer the cancer incidence faces representing eight variables: age-standardized incidence rate, proportion of incident cases, time trend in incidence, mean age at diagnosis, histological verification, mortality/incidence ratio, death certificate only cases and duration of cancer registration.

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