Symptomatic and asymptomatic high‐grade carotid stenoses in Doppler color‐flow imaging

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Abstract
We examined 63 patients with 31 symptomatic and 44 asymptomatic carotid stenoses with Doppler colorflow imaging (DCFI); conventional Doppler duplex had shown a hemodynamic obstruction (≥80% stenosis) in all patients. Analysis of plaque surface morphology demonstrated more ulcerated plaques in symptomatic (43%) than asymptomatic (23%) stenoses. Although the frequency of homogeneous and heterogeneous plaques was not different, calcific lesions were more frequent in asymptomatic (46% versus 29%), and echolucent plaques, probably indicating mural thrombi, were more frequent in symptomatic (29% versus 11%) stenosis. Color-coded hemodynamic patterns, such as jet flow, poststenotic turbulence, or reversed flow, were not different in symptomatic and asymptomatic stenoses. Comparison of DCFI with 30 angiograms showed agreement in plaque surface analysis in 70%. DCFI measurements of area reduction in cross sections correlated with angiography in 85%, while DCFI tended to underestimate the degree of stenosis from diameter reduction in longitudinal cuts. The advanced DCFI technique identified distinct morphologic features but no hemodynamic patterns, separating symptomatic from asymptomatic high-grade carotid stenoses.

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