Abstract
Thomas Cadwalader, second only to Benjamin Franklin as a leading citizen of Philadelphia in the 18th century, was the son of a Welshman who came to America with William Penn on his second voyage. Cadwalader attended the Friends' Public School in Philadelphia and Rev. William Tennant's academy at Bensalem, Bucks County, before being apprenticed for two years to his uncle, Dr. Evan Jones.1His medical training was continued in Europe; there he studied anatomy and dissection under Cheselden and may have attended courses at the University of Rheims, France, for a short time. When Cadwalader returned to Philadelphia in 1730, he brought with him his European training, but no medical degree, inasmuch as this was not a prerequisite to practice in his day. With his personal charm and a good family name, he soon rose to eminence as a leader in medicine and an outstanding citizen. He supported Kearsley,

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