Plastic Flow in Concrete Arches

Abstract
Many materials of construction, especially concrete during the first few months after fabrication, do not follow the laws upon which the theory of elasticity in its many forms is based. Yet this theory has bee n persistently used and elaborated for indeterminate structures, regardless of the material. Such factors as the yield of a strcssed body with time, often called “hysteresis”, and the variation of the ratio of stress to elastic strain, when at all accounted for in a structural analysis, have generally been analyzed in some more or less unscientific method of guess. For concrete arches, especially in Europe, construction is frequently furthered, that is, by the introduction of temporary hinges, hydraulic jacks, etc., in such a manner that these indeterminate factors can be controlled during the construction and early life of the structure.

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