Dynamics of the Globular Cluster System Associated with M49 (NGC 4472): Cluster Orbital Properties and the Distribution of Dark Matter

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Abstract
We have measured radial velocities for 196 globular clusters (GCs) around M49, the brightest member of the Virgo Cluster. Combined with published data, they bring the total number of GCs with measured radial velocities in this galaxy to 263. Using this sample, we extract the projected kinematics of the full sample of GCs, and of the separate metal-poor and metal-rich subsamples. In agreement with previous results for the global GC kinematics based on smaller datasets, we find that the GC system as a whole exhibits a slow overall rotation that is due almost entirely to a net rotation of the metal-poor GC subsystem alone. In a spatial average, the metal-rich GCs shows essentially no rotation. We note, however, the presence of a well defined grouping of 10 metal-rich GCs that are located at opposite poles along the galaxy's major axis and which appear to be rotating at nearly 300 km/s about the minor axis. This grouping may be the relic of a past merger or accretion event. Using a Jeans-equation analysis, we show that the GC radial velocities alone point unequivocally (and independently of X-ray observations) to the need for a massive dark halo associated with M49 and the Virgo B subcluster around it. We also show that the GC system as a whole is consistent with an almost perfectly isotropic velocity ellipsoid. M49 is now the second elliptical galaxy (after M87) for which we have been able to demonstrate velocity isotropy in the globular cluster system overall, when no division based on GC color or metallicity is attempted. Thus, the data for these two galaxies lend support the general assumption of isotropy when using GC kinematics to study the dark-matter distribution in early-type galaxies. (ABRIDGED)Comment: 63 pages, 21 postscript figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa
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