Investigation of possible cholinergic mechanisms in fertilization ofXenopuseggs
Open Access
- 17 September 1981
- journal article
- research article
- Published by The Royal Society in Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B. Biological Sciences
- Vol. 213 (1190) , 59-72
- https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1981.0053
Abstract
The hypothesis that cholinergic mechanisms play a role in fertilization was tested inXenopus laevis. Acetylcholine (ACh) analyses were done with gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. Eggs and testis-derived sperm contained material identified as acetylcholine (ACh, 0.19 pmol per egg and 0.6 pmol per 106sperm). ACh release from oocytes was studied after immersion in hypotonic solutions, simulating events during natural oviposition. With or without sperm present, eggs released 30-40% of their ACh content in the first 2-3 min after hypotonic immersion, after which release decreased to low levels. Cholinesterase inhibition had no effect on gamete ACh content or release. The release of radioactivity from eggs preloaded with [3H]ACh was not accelerated by immersion of eggs in hypotonic solution. Low levels of choline acetyltransferase were found in eggs and sperm. Cholinesterase activity was similar in intact and disintegrated sperm, but intact eggs showed negligible hydrolysis of external ACh compared to homogenized eggs. Cholinesterase activity of gametes was inhibited by neostigmine, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) and diethyldimethyl-pyrophosphonate (DEPP). Nicotinic or muscarinic receptor-blocking agents, cholinesterase inhibitors or added electric eel acetylcholinesterase had no substantial effect on the percentage of eggs fertilized. Exposure of sperm to blockers of ACh receptors or to ACh in the highest concentrations likely to been countered during fertilization had no effect on motility. We conclude that it is unlikely that cholinergic mechanisms are involved in sperm-egg interactions during fertilization ofXenopus, but the transinet relese of Ach on immersion of eggs into hypotonic solution may have biological significance.Keywords
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