The role of the exine coating in pollen–stigma interactions in Brassica oleracea L

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Abstract
When the dehydrated pollen grain of Brassica oleracea L. alights on a receptive stigma the pollen coat flows out from the exine to form an appresoria-like ''foot'' and, within a matter of some 30 min, gross ultrastructural changes become visible both within the protoplast and in the foot itself. These changes are interpreted as reflecting the limited movement of water, and presumably other materials, from the stigma to the grain. The compatible pollen grain then continues to take up water, whilst undergoing other cytoplasmic changes and eventually producing the pollen tube. The tube grows from the colpus towards the point of contact with the stigma, beneath which the outer layer of the papillar wall has become more lossely packed. The pollen tube enters the wall at this point and, as a consequence of its rapid extension, the grain is frequently lifted away from the papilla. The tube then grows between two layers of the pectocellulosic papillar wall into the stigmatic parenchyma, where it follows an intercellular route. These events are discussed in terms of current views of the relationship between male and female cells at these early stages of the pollen stigma interaction.