Fractious chromosomes: Hybrid disruption and the origin of selfish genetic elements

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Abstract
Supernumerary B chromosomes are dispensable elements of the genome which can be retained in populations at high frequencies, despite being deleterious, through the ability to undergo non‐Mendelian inheritance. Their mode of origin is, however, obscure. Recent work on gynogenetic fish has demonstrated the incorporation of small, unstable, centromere‐containing microchromosomes, probably of interspecific derivation, into an asexual lineage(1). That these resemble B chromosomes both in structure and behaviour is consistent with the proposal that hybridisation between closely related species may be a significant mode of origin for such selfish genetic elements. Additional work on the B chromosome of a parasitoid wasp and observations on patterns of chromosome breakage from somatic cell hybrids also support this hypothesis.