Solar Atmospheric Abundances and Energy Content in Flare-accelerated Ions from Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy

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Abstract
We used SMM gamma-ray data from 19 solar flares to study ambient elemental abundances in the solar atmosphere. We found that the abundance ratios of low FIP (first ionization potential) to high FIP elements are enhanced relative to photospheric abundances, but that the variability of these ratios from flare to flare is limited to a narrower range than that inferred from EUV and X-ray observations. The mean of the gamma-ray derived Mg/O (a low FIP to high FIP element abundance ratio) is coronal and the individual values are always higher than the photospheric Mg/O. The value of Ne/O (~0.25) is higher than the coronal value of 0.15 obtained from solar energetic particle data, but not inconsistent with some EUV and X-ray determinations. To avoid Ne/O higher than 0.3 a steep accelerated particle energy spectrum extending down to about 1 MeV per nucleon is needed. This implies that a large fraction of the available flare energy is contained in accelerated ions.

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