Reflection of Low-Frequency Sonar Signals from a Smooth Ocean Bottom

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Abstract
Measurements of the bottom-reflection losses for a low-frequency sonar signal (0.7–3.0 kc/sec) are reported for two areas off the California coast and for a third area in the Bering Sea. At all three areas, the bottom losses were large at small grazing angles. Comparisons are made between the measured values of bottom loss and those calculated for a plane sound wave reflecting from a layered model of the ocean sediments. The sediment model consists of a number of absorbing solid layers. Reasonable agreement is shown between the experimental and calculated values of bottom loss.

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