Paraquat influences development and efficacy of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatus

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Abstract
Paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4''-bipyridinium chloride) applied at 2 kg/ha significantly reduced the amount of mycorrhizal hyphae and number of vesicles and chlamydospores formed by G. fasciculatus (Thaxt.) Gerd. and Trappe when compared with the control or the 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatment. When compared with inoculated control, paraquat applied at 0.5 kg/ha tended to increase the amount of mycorrhizal hyphae and significantly increased chlamydospore production. For noninoculated white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) seedlings, total dry weight and stem height tended to decrease with increases in rates of paraquat applied. Seedling height and foliar P concentration of inoculated seedlings tended to be greatest for the 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatment followed by the control and the 2 kg/ha chemical treatment. The amount of mycorrhizal hyphae was significantly correlated to seedling height and diameter, total dry weight and percentage foliar elemental P.

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