Photographic patterns in macular images: representation by a mathematical model

Abstract
The clinical appearance of the normal macula lutea, either in standard fundus photographs or through the ophthalmoscope, is a composite of complex light reflection from and absorption by multiple layers of the retina and associated structures.1 Color fundus photographs have been routinely employed for diagnostic purposes for many years and are central to clinical studies of macular disease.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14.