Water metabolism after cisplatin in the rat

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Abstract
A polyuric state is often observed after cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (cisplatin). To study the mechanism of this polyuria we gave 5-6 mg/kg cisplatin to conscious rats and observed polydipsia and a polyuric form of mild acute renal failure. A defect in renal concentrating ability was observed 1 and 8 days after cisplatin. Animals demonstrated diminished postdehydration plasma vasopressin at 1 but not at 8 days after cisplatin, and exogenous vasopressin corrected the renal concentration defect at 1 but not at 8 days after cisplatin. To assess the role of polydipsia in the concentration defect, water intake in cisplatin-treated animals was matched to pair-fed controls. Prevention of polydipsia improved the polyuria but not the concentration defect seen 8 days after cisplatin. To assess intrarenal factors in the renal concentration defect, postdehydration interstitial solute was measured and was significantly lower in cisplatin-treated than in control animals. To determine whether the diminished interstitial solute was due to vascular mechanisms, inner medullary plasma flow was measured and was identical in cisplatin-treated and control rats. Treatment with cisplatin also resulted in decreased excretion of a water load. We conclude that either impaired synthesis or release of vasopressin is the cause of the impaired renal concentration seen 1 day after cisplatin. Eight days after cisplatin, the renal concentration defect is due in part to decreased interstitial tonicity.