Effects of Optimized Heart Failure Therapy and Anemia Correction with Epoetin β on Left Ventricular Mass in Hemodialysis Patients

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Abstract
Background: In chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients, the presence and degree of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) correlates with mortality. Previous studies have shown that interventions, such as anemia correction or treatment of hypertension and/or chronic heart failure (CHF), can result in moderate regression of LVH. The primary objective of our study was to investigate the effects of a multi-interventional treatment strategy on LVH in HD patients. Methods and Results: In a series of 202 consecutive HD patients, we combined optimized CHF therapy, including β-blockers (BB), ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), to target doses with full anemia correction by epoetin β (hemoglobin (Hb) target males 14.5 g/dl, females 13.5 g/dl). Serial echocardiograms were recorded every 3–6 months. Mean follow-up was 3.4 ± 1.2 years. Mean Hb at baseline was 11.4 ± 1.4 vs. 14.6 ± 1.6 g/dl (p < 0.001) at study end. There was a significant reduction in left ventricular mass index (LVMI, 159 ± 65 vs. 132 ± 46 g/m2 (p < 0.001)), an improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, 60 ± 15 vs. 66 ± 12% (p < 0.01)) and in NYHA class (2.8 ± 0.76 vs. 1.96 ± 0.76 (p < 0.01)) from baseline to follow-up in the overall study population. In a subgroup of 70 patients, LVMI returned to normal (169 ± 33 vs. 114 ± 14 g/m2 (p < 0.001)) after 1.4 ± 1 years. Conclusions: Our study shows that optimized CHF therapy, in combination with anemia correction to normal Hb targets, results in a significant reduction of LVH, an increase in LVEF and an improvement in NYHA class. Moreover, in contrast to previous studies, our data also demonstrate that complete regression and prevention of LVH in HD patients is possible.