Contribution of UV transitions to the strong third-order nonlinearity of doped fibers

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Abstract
To explain the high third-order nonlinearity observed in rare earth doped fibers, we examine the role of the various transitions of the dopants. We present experimental evidence that in fibers doped with Er3+, Nd3+, or Yb3+, most of the nonlinearity is caused by the dopant's UV transitions, i.e., it is non-resonant in nature. The magnitude of the nonlinearity is shown to be in excellent quantitatively agreement with a model. Fiber modulators and switches based on this widespread mechanisms are predicted to operate over a large range of signal wavelengths and with negligible signal loss.

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