The sensitizing potential of di‐(meth) acrylates based on bisphenol A or epoxy resin in the guinea pig

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Abstract
Most composite materials in dentistry used today contain resins based on dimethacrylates. BIS-GMA [2,2-bis(4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl)propane], the addition reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate or an epoxy resin and methacrylic acid, is used most extensively. Dimethacrylates based on bisphenol A with various chain lengths, which have appeared on the market as a substitute for or in addition to BIS-GMA BIS-MA [2,2-bis(4-(methacryloxy)phenyl)propane], BIS-EMA [2,2-bis-(4-(2-methacryloxyethoxy)phenyl)propane] and BIS-PMA [2,2-bis(4-(3-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl)propane]. Increasing interest in the radiation cure of coatings and printing inks have focused attention on these substances and on epoxy diacrylates as radiation-curable resins. The sensitizing capacity of the different acrylates based on bisphenol A or epoxy resin were investigated with the guinea pig maximization test. The pattern of simultaneous reactivity of the compounds was also studied. Epoxy diacrylate [2,2-bis(4-(2-hydroxy-3-acryloxypropoxy)phenyl)propane], BIS-EMA and BIS-MA were strong sensitizers while the linear fraction of BIS-GMA and its isomers and BIS-PMA have no or a low sensitizing capacity. The impurities in the BIS-GMA and BIS-MA batches seem to have high allergenic potential. These results stress the importance of a pure substance when discussing allergenicity and cross reactions.