Separation of cascaded and direct fifth-order Raman signals using phase-sensitive intrinsic heterodyne detection

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Abstract
Cascaded third-order Raman signals can be separated from direct two-dimensional fifth-order Raman signals using heterodyne detection with a local oscillator that is cycled from in-phase to out-of-phase with the direct signal. The difference of these scans gives the direct signal, while the sum gives the in-quadrature cascaded signal.