Origin and Production of in vitro Adventitious Shoots in the Onion, Allium cepa L.

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Abstract
Adventitious shoots were induced firstly on twin scales cut from small bulbs and subsequently on split in vitro shoots used as secondary explants, on media containing 6-benzylaminopurine with or without 1-naphthaleneacetic acid according to the cultivar. More shoots were induced in 16 h than in 8 h days, but day length had negligible effect on the growth of in vitro shoots, dormancy being delayed slightly in short days. Only one wholly tetraploid shoot occurred out of 226 scored for ploidy and no polyploids were induced by colchicine treatment of split shoot explants. Histological observations established that adventitious shoots were consistently initiated from at least two tissue layers, the epidermis and hypodermis, on the abaxial surface of leaves and scales close to the basal plate where the frequency of endopolyploid cells was lowest. It is suggested that the multicellular origin of the shoots ensures the genetic stability essential for multiplication and storage of elite material.

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