Cytogenetic Basis Of Chemically-Induced Sterility In Culex Pipiens Fatigans Wiedemann: II. Cytopathological effects of certain chemosterilants on the gonadal and embryonic tissues

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Abstract
Effects of chemosterilants, such as apholate, metepa, tepa and hempa, on the reproductive tissues of Culex pipens fatigans Wied, were studied. In males, the chemosterilant treatments reduced the size of testes at gross level, and caused deficiency of immature sex cells and mature sperm though sperm production continued at a slower rate. Males sterilized by apholate or tepa depleted their sperm earlier than normal males when allowed to mate successively with a fresh batch of virgin females. The sterilant treatments did not affect sperm motility. In adult females, treated ovaries were smaller with fewer number of normally developing follicles and many small, deformed or degenerating follicles. With chemosterilant treatments the number of normally developing follicles decreased in successive gonotrophic cycles. Infertility induced by various chemosterilants in females was found to be permanent. The frequency of non-viable eggs bearing full-grown embryos was more in treated females crossed with normal males than in normal females crossed with treated males. Embryos showed various chromosomal aberrations in early cleavages which inhibited the rate of cell division. Most of these embryos died even before the blastoderm stage. The bearing of the present findings on the mechanism of chemosterilant-induced sterility is discussed.

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