Ion signal calibration in the imaging atom-probe with an external, time-gated image intensifier

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Abstract
A commercial, external image intensifier unit has been adapted to an imaging atom-probe mass spectrometer. The image intensifier can be operated in a pulsed mode to obtain time-gated (i.e., species specific) images while simultaneously recording time-of-flight mass spectra. This capability was used to calibrate the amplitudes of rhodium, tungsten, and neon ion signals which appear in imaging atom-probe mass spectra. The signal amplitudes were found to be directly proportional to the number of imaged ions over a range of amplitudes covering three orders of magnitude. The proportionality constant was found to be nearly the same for doubly charged rhodium and triply charged tungsten ions, but significantly different for neon ions. The constant was not sensitive to variations of ∼30% in the applied voltage (i.e., ion energy).

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