Reconstruction of calvarial defects by bioresorbable ceramics: an experimental study in rats
- 22 January 1997
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Nature in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Vol. 1 (1-6) , 115-120
- https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03043526
Abstract
This study evaluated bioresorbable ceramics in the reconstruction of calvarial defects. Full-thickness defects were made in the calvaria of 40 adult Sprague-Dawley rats (350–450 g) with a standard 8-mm trephine drill. Three different materials were used for defect repair: (a) pure α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), (b) surface-treated glass ceramic, (c) surface-treated glass ceramic plus 70/30 L/DL polylactic acid (volume ratio 45/55). The implants were pellets of 7.9 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness and were inserted press fit into the calvarial defects. Each of these materials was inserted into ten animals. Five animals were evaluated each after 6 weeks and 26 weeks. For each interval there was a control group of five animals. After 6 weeks the control defects exhibited negligible bone regeneration at the defect margins but showed substantially more bone regeneration after 26 weeks extending up to 2.5 mm into the defect space. The TCP specimens showed a number of multinuclear cells on the material surface and direct bonelimplant contact in a few locations but no signs of gross degradation or volume reduction after 6 weeks. The amount of bone ingrowth and cellular behavior had not changed after 26 weeks with resorption still going on. Glass ceramic implants by contrast appeared to be even better tolerated after 6 weeks with remarkable bone ingrowth and broad osseous fixation of the pellet to the defect margins and beyond, while highly vascular connective tissue filled the remaining pores of the implant. After 26 weeks the material had been extensively degraded, leaving behind only a few remnants, which were surrounded by seams of highly vascularized and cell-rich resorptive connective tissue with newly formed bone tissue nearly bridging the defect. The polylactic acid/ceramic composite implants showed hardly any tissue ingrowth or degradation either after 6 or after 26 weeks. Hence all tested materials appeared to be well tolerated at the site of implantation. However, gradual replacement by bone ingrowth tended to occur only in implants without polylactic acid. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Untersuchung resorbierbarer Keramiken zur Rekonstruktion von Calvariadefekten. Bei 40 ausgewachsenen Sprague-Dawley-Ratten wurden vollschichtige Defekte der Calvaria von 8 mm Durchmesser mit einem Trepanbohrer über der Sutura sagittalis unter Beteiligung beider Ossa parietalia gesetzt. Drei Materialien wurden zur Defektfüllung eingesetzt: 1. reine α-TCP-Keramik, 2. oberflächenbehandelte Glaskeramik, 3. oberflächenbehandelte Glaskeramik + 70/30 L/DL-Polylaktid (Kopolymer, inhärente Viskosität 3,3 g/dl) im Volumenverhältnis 45/55. Die Materialien wurden als tablettenförmige Implantate von 7,9 mm Durchmesser und 2 mm Dicke unter Preßpassung in die Defekte eingesetzt. Jedes dieser Materialien wurde bei 10 Tieren eingesetzt. Pro Materialgruppe wurden 5 Tiere nach 6 Wochen und 5 Tiere nach 26 Wochen ausgewertet. Für jedes Intervall wurden 5 Tiere mit Kontrolldefekten ohne Implantation mitgeführt. Nach 6 Wochen war in der Kontrollgruppe eine geringfügige Knochenregeneration am Defektrand sichtbar, nach 26 Wochen war eine Knochenneubildung bis 2,5 mm in den Defekt hinein feststellbar. Die TCP-Implantate zeigten direkten Implantatknochenkontakt in einigen Bereichen, aber keine Anzeichen von resorptiver Volumenreduktion. Das Ausmaß des Knocheneinwuchses unterschied sich nicht wesentlich nach 26 Wochen bei Zeichen aktiver zellulärer Resorption an der Implantatoberfläche. Die Glaskeramik dagegen zeigte erheblich mehr Knocheneinwuchs und breite knöcherne Integration des Implantats an den Defekträndern. Nach 26 Wochen war der Implantatkörper bei 4 Tieren weitgehend resorbiert und durch neugebildeten Knochen ersetzt. Die Komposite-implantate aus Polylaktid und Keramik zeigen weder nach 6 noch nach 26 Wochen Einwuchs von Knochengewebe. Lediglich der Bindegewebeeinwuchs erschien nach 26 Wochen erhöht.Keywords
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