Segregation of Sn at the Au(110) surface and its effect on the 1 × 2 ↔ 1 × 1 phase transition

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Abstract
The segregation of Sn to the (110) surface of a nominally pure Au crystal was observed by low-energy electron diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, and low-energy ion scattering. Sn coverages up to 0.2 monolayers (ML) were produced by annealing above 675 K. The heat of segregation was found to be 3.8 ± 0.4 kcal/mole. Surface Sn was shown to have a marked effect on the 1 × 2 ↔ 1 × 1 phase transition, e.g., Sn coverages of 0.002 and 0.13 ML produced shifts to lower transition temperatures of 15 and 200 K, respectively.