Direct determination of cadmium in urine by electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption spectrometry

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Abstract
Two direct methods for the measurement of cadmium in urine by electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption spectrometry are described and compared. In the first, standards and samples are diluted 1 + 4 with 6%V/V nitric acid and measured with a four-stage furnace programme using a L'vov platform in an uncoated graphite tube. Selective volatilisation is used to help separate the cadmium peak from the background absorbance peak. In the second, standards and samples are diluted 1 + 1 with 1%V/V nitric acid and analysed off the wall of an uncoated tube with a short three-stage programme using no ashing stage. Both methods show satisfactory recovery and good correlation with a solvent extraction method confirming that interferences have been successfully overcome by the use of nitric acid as a modifier. The platform method has a cycle time of 129 s while the tube-wall method achieves analysis with a cycle time of only 50 s.

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