Effect of spinal deafferentation on temperature regulation and spinal thermosensitivity in pigeons

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Abstract
To study the effect of spinal deafferentation on temperature regulation and spinal thermosensitivity in acute experiments, the spinal cord of pigeons was transected at Th4 and the dorsal roots cut carefully on both sides fromTh 4 toC 6 orC 4 (13 or 15 segments); only afferent signals from the upper neck and the head could reach the CNS. Selective changes of the spinal cord temperature in the deafferented region were performed by a thermode in the vertebral canal. At thermoneutral ambient conditions (T a 23–30°C) the deafferented pigeons were able to maintain a normal body temperature (about 41° C). During ambient cooling (T a 1–10° C) the core temperature was regulated at a lower level of about 38°C, strong shivering occurred, and heat production was increased. If the decreased spinal cord temperature at lowT a was adjusted experimentally to normal values (about 41°C) then shivering stopped and oxygen consumption decreased. This decrease in heat production was followed by a continuous fall in rectal temperature to values as low as 33–34°C without any initiation of shivering or extra heat production. This means that shivering in the deafferented pigeons must be elicited by cold sensors in the spinal cord alone and that there are no important cold sensors in the non-deafferented region including the brain. Selective spinal cooling of the deafferented region at thermoneutralT a was followed by an immediate onset of shivering and an increase in heat production. Spinal heating resulted in an increase in wing temperature which served as an indication of vasodilatation, i.e., an activation of a heat loss mechanism. This is a confirmation of the assumption that the spinal temperature sensors are indeed located in the spinal cord and that the responses to experimental changes of spinal canal temperature are not mediated by extraspinal thermoreceptors. The results show clearly that the regulation of body temperature in pigeons at moderate thermal loads can be mediated by these spinal sensors alone. Continued spinal cooling resulted in an increase in body temperature by about 2°C and a subsequent regulation at this high level. This means that there must exist warm sensors in the non-deafferented cranial region.