Extended Period Simulation of Water Systems—Direct Solution

Extended period simulation or dynamic analysis of water distribution systems helps in their proper operation by checking whether the flow rates are maintained at adequate pressures at all nodes and whether the storage properly balances the supply and distribution. A direct procedure is developed and illustrated in this paper for such dynamic analysis. The procedure can be applied to formulate $Q-\text{,}$ $\Delta Q-\text{,}$ or H‐equations and therefore dynamic analysis can be directly obtained by the usual linear theory, or by the Newton‐Raphson or Hardy Cross methods of static network analysis. The available computer programs based on any of these methods can be used, with minor modifications, for carrying out dynamic analysis of water‐distribution systems.