Changes in Interleukin 1 Levels in Human Amniotic Fluid with Gestational Ages and Delivery

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Abstract
In order to understand the role of interleukin 1 (IL‐1) in pregnancy, the amount of IL‐1 in normal human amniotic fluid (AF) from various gestational ages and delivery was measured using an ELISA. AF samples were divided into three groups of varying gestational ages. Group 1 of AF was collected by amniocentesis from gestational ages n = 13). Group 2 was collected transvaginally during delivery following labor ≥36 weeks (n = 36). Group 3 was transabdominally collected from elective cesarean section without labor ≥36 weeks (n −8). IL‐1α was present in AF of early gestational age, 19.2±21.7 pg/ml, in group 1, and appeared to increase with gestational age, 63.4±50.1 pg/ml, in group 3. In contrast, IL‐1β was not detectable in either group 1 or 3. However, the concentration of IL‐1 in group 2 was extremely high (IL‐lα, 233.1±351.9 pg/ml; IL‐1β, 1,093.5±1,369.7 pg/ml) compared to the other groups. Moreover, these concentrations tended to increase with the duration of labor. IL‐1α and IL‐1β concentrations in AF were intimately related. These findings suggest that IL‐1 has some roles during pregnancy and especially during labor.