The effects of gum arabic, wheat offal and various of its fractions on the metabolism of 14C-labelled aflatoxin B1 in the male weanling rat

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Abstract
1. Male weanling rats were given for extended periods diets containing gum arabic or wheat offal or various offal fractions. The fractions included two lipid fractions, a water-soluble extract and a modified-acid-detergent (MAD)-fibre extract. The diets contained either low concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (induced rats) or were free from this source of aflatoxin (non-induced rats). The distribution of 14C was then studied after the rats received 14C-labelled aflatoxin B1 in their feed. Blood plasma concentrations of triglycerides, and total cholesterol were also measured. 2. Gum arabic and wheat offal accelerated the rate of passage of 14C through the small intestine and wheat offal very considerably decreased retention time in the large intestine. Both fibre sources increased faecal bulk. However, only wheat offal decreased liver and urinary accumulation of 14C and the effect could be explained entirely by the MAD-fibre fraction of wheat offal. 3. The possible induction of either microsomal enzymes unrelated to the production of mutagenic aflatoxin metabolites, or of extramicrosomal enzymes is discussed; but it is concluded that the main effect brought about by wheat offal on the toxicity and carcinogenicity of aflatoxin can be attributed to a direct influence of the MAD fibre fraction of wheat offal on the intestinal absorption of aflatoxin B1. 4. The relevance of these conclusions to drug safety studies is discussed, because comparable studies may yield differing results, despite a use of diets having the same nutrient composition but differing ingredient composition.