An analysis of the vegetation of Sphagnum-dominated kettle-hole bogs in relation to environmental gradients

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Abstract
Eight Sphagnum -dominated kettle-hole bogs in northern Michigan were analyzed to elucidate vegetation patterns of both vascular plants and Sphagnum species in relation to measured bog gradients. Methods of both direct and indirect gradient analysis, including ordination and cluster analysis, were used. Community types as delineated in the ordination are discussed, including species distribution for Sphagnum and vascular plants. Segregation of community types followed gradients of pH, light, and calcium and magnesium ion concentrations. Two types of kettle-hole bogs were distinguished surrounding acid and alkaline bog lakes respectively, each with its own continuum of community types.

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