Mechanical Ventilation in Healthy Mice Induces Reversible Pulmonary and Systemic Cytokine Elevation with Preserved Alveolar Integrity

Abstract
MECHANICAL ventilation (MV) is widely used in general anesthesia and is a lifesaving intervention in critically ill patients. It can, however, induce lung injury in the healthy lung or exacerbate damage in the already injured lung. This has been termed ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI).1,2 Clinical studies show that the use of large tidal volumes (VT≥ 12–15 ml/kg) is associated with a poor prognosis; however, a “lung-protective ventilation strategy” (low tidal volumes [VT< 10–12 ml/kg], optimizing positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP]) reduces but cannot prevent VILI.1,3–8

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