Role of Low-Molecular-Weight Ciliostatic Toxins in Vibriosis of Bivalve Mollusks

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Abstract
Toxins play a major role in bacillary necrosis of hatchery-reared bivalve larvae. Two principal types of toxin of Vibrio spp. have been identified: A proteinase (molecular weight = 40,000) that degrades connective tissue and at least one ciliostatic toxin (molecular weight = 500–1,000). The ciliostatic toxin is stable at 100°C for 10 min and probably accounts for the cessation of feeding and swimming in the early stages of bacillary necrosis. Ciliostatic toxins were produced by 17 of 20 Vibrio spp. that are pathogenic to fish or that were isolated from diseased mollusks and included Vibrio tubiashii, V. anguillarum, and V. alginolyticus. Of 53 Vibrio and Aeromonas isolates not associated with bivalve infections, only 15 produced a ciliostatic toxin.

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