A reexamination of the problem of resonance energy transfer between DNA intercalated chromophores using bisintercalating compounds

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Abstract
The rate of energy transfer between DNA intercalated ethidium cations calculated by Paoletti and Le Pecq1 using the Forster theory differs from the measured one by a factor of twenty two, if the proper geometrical factors are taken into account. By changing some of the parameters used in the calculation, the discrepancy can be reduced but not eliminated. This led us to the study of other systems where experimental and calculated results can be more directly compared. The apparent rate of energy transfer between ethidium and one of its non fluorescent analogues and between various pairs of intercalated chromophores has been studied. The fluorescence anisotropy decay of acridine dimers in glycerol or bisintercalated in DNA has been measured. These studies show that the Forster theory of energy transfer does not apply to the case of identical chromophores when they are relatively close to each other.