Deviation from Curie-Weiss behavior in relaxor ferroelectrics

The deviation from Cure-Weiss behavior has been investigated in lead magnesium niobate relaxor ferroelectrics. At high temperatures, the susceptibility was found to follow the Curie-Weiss relationship. A Curie constant and temperature of 1.2×${10}^5$ and 398 K, respectively, were obtained. With decreasing temperature the deviation was found to increase. It is proposed that this deviation arises due to short-range correlations between polar regions, and that these correlations at high temperatures are the precursor to a freezing of the polarization fluctuations into a glassy state. A local (glassy) order parameter was calculated from the susceptibility by analogy to spin glasses [D. Sherrington and S. Kirkpatrick, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 1972 (1975)]. These results are compared to the rms polarization [G. Burns and F. Dacol, Solid State Commun. 48, 853 (1983)] and to the measured remanent polarization. The frequency and field dependence has also been investigated.