Mechanical Loading—A Primary Source of Waviness in Mechanical Face Seals

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Abstract
The face waviness found in contacting mechanical face seals is investigated. Several sources of this waviness are identified. It is shown that concentrated drive forces are one of the most important sources. General equations for ring deflections are developed. Using these equations and typical drive arrangements, the deflection of seal rings is determined. The character of this deflection is established using a harmonic analysis of the deflection curve. It is shown that the second harmonic generally predominates and that odd value harmonics can also be expected. The methods developed are applied to an actual seal application to determine expected waviness. These results are compared to experimental wear profiles, and agreement is good. Methods of reducing waviness are discussed. It is concluded that drive forces are a major source of waviness in contacting face seals.

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