Intermediate valency

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Abstract
Following a brief outline of the meaning of intermediate valency, by reference to collapsed SmS, a simple three‐site model is described. Its main features are a localized orbital at each site, three delocalized orbitals, representing the ’band’ structure, and six electrons arranged so that every site has at least one electron. The interest in this model is that the matrix of the transfer processes between localized and delocalized orbitals can be diagonalized by elementary methods for certain choices of parameters. The ground state is readily seen to be of intermediate valence character. It is shown that, to a very good approximation, the ground state can be written in the form {ΠmXm} ‖vac〉 where Xm is an operator associated with the mth site. A simple physical meaning can be given to Xm, that it creates an S=0 state by placing two electrons in orbitals, one of which is a localized orbital and the other is less localized and built from the occupied band states. It is suggested that a similar description can be given for the ground state of the full lattice model.

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